"Ordinary
people, simply doing their jobs,
and without any particular hostility on their part,
can become agents in a terrible destructive process.
"Even when the
destructive effects
of their work become patently clear,
and they are asked to carry out actions
incompatible with fundamental standards of morality,
relatively few people have the resources
needed to resist authority."
Nazi Germany -
Vietnam - Iraq - Abu Ghraib - Guantanamo
"Be
a good team player!"
"Don't rock the boat"
"Go along to get along"
"Just follow the crowd"
"Don't make waves"
The
experimenter (E) orders the subject (S) to give what the
subject believes are painful electric shocks to another
subject (A), who is actually an actor. The subjects believed
that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual
shocks, but in reality there were no shocks. After the
confederate (A) was separated from the subject, the
confederate set up a tape recorder integrated with the
electro-shock generator, which played pre-recorded sounds for
each shock level.[1]
Linsly-Chittenden
Hall, Yale University, where most of the obedience experiments
were conducted. Photographed by Alan C. Elms.
The Milgram experiment was a seminal
series of social
psychologyexperiments
conducted by Yale
UniversitypsychologistStanley
Milgram, (who died December 20, 1984 at the age of 51)
which measured the willingness of study participants to obey
an authority
figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted
with their personal conscience.
Milgram first described his research in 1963 in an article
published in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,[1]
and later discussed his findings in greater depth in his 1974
book, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View.[2]
The experiments began in July 1961, three
months after the start of the trial of Naziwar
criminalAdolf
Eichmann in Jerusalem.
Milgram devised the experiments to answer this question:
"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in
the
Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them
all accomplices?"[3]
Milgram summed things up in his 1974 article,
"The Perils of Obedience", writing:
The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience
are of enormous importance, but they say very little about
how most people behave in concrete situations. I set up a
simple experiment at Yale University to test how much pain
an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply
because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist.
Stark authority was pitted against the subjects'
[participants'] strongest moral imperatives against hurting
others, and, with the subjects' [participants'] ears
ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more
often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to
almost any lengths on the command of an authority
constitutes the chief finding of the study and the fact
most urgently demanding explanation.
Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs,
and without any particular hostility on their part, can
become agents in a terrible destructive process. Moreover,
even when the destructive effects of their work become
patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions
incompatible with fundamental standards of morality,
relatively few people have the resources needed to resist
authority.[4]
Controversy
surrounded Stanley Milgram for much of his professional life
as a result of a series of experiments on obedience to
authority which he conducted at Yale University in 1961-1962.
He found, surprisingly, that 65% of his subjects, ordinary
residents of New Haven, were willing to give apparently
harmful electric shocks-up to 450 volts-to a pitifully
protesting victim, simply because a scientific authority
commanded them to, and in spite of the fact that the victim
did not do anything to deserve such punishment. The victim
was, in reality, a good actor who did not actually receive
shocks, and this fact was revealed to the subjects at the end
of the experiment. But, during the experiment itself, the
experience was a powerfully real and gripping one for most
participants.
Milgram's career also produced other creative,
though less controversial, research; such as, the small-world
method (the source of "Six Degrees of Separation"),
the lost-letter technique, mental maps of cities, cyranoids,
the familiar stranger, and an experiment testing the effects
of televised antisocial behavior which, though conducted 30
years ago, remains unique to the present day.
A
mash-up featuring scenes from "The Empire Strikes Back"
, and the song "We do what we're told (Milgram's 37)"
by Peter Gabriel.
(The title refers to the 37 out of 40 participants
who showed complete obedience in Experiment 18.) Dipped
in Bronze
What
about the "real world"?
A returning Iraqi veteran is shot three times at
point-blank range by a cop ... simply for doing what he was told.
Men
were not meant to control other men. No "state" public
relations scheme of "protection" and other political
gibberish can change this. I urge everyone to read about the
Stanford Prison Experiment. Go to prisonexp.org . This
experiment, where healthy (mentally and physically) men were put
in control over other men, had to be stopped after only six days
because the men put in control became sadistic.
If these men became sadistic within six days, then consider the
nature of a man/woman who has been controlling other men and
women for years, such as pretended "presidents,"
"judges" and "governors".
Is it any wonder men and women pretending to be
"states" provide their wonderful services at the barrel
of a gun?
In fact, the situation gets worse when there is a lack of
responsibility and accountability, go to new-life.net/milgram.htm
and read about the Milgram Experiment. Ever hear of
"sovereign" and "judicial" immunity?
Chilling, to say the least.
"I am sure there was no man born marked of God above another
for none comes into the world with a saddle upon his back,
neither any booted and spurred to ride him." Last words of
Richard Rumbold before being hanged for planning an insurrection
against the tyrant Charles II, 1679YouTube
- Cop Shoots Man SCARY
The
Twilight Zone
An
episode of the Twilight Zone melded with the Milgram
Experiment
The
Milgram Experiment
Videoclip
based upon the notorious Milgram experiment obedience to
authority.
Directed by Joris Van Grunsven & Menno Fokma. 2005
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